Thyroid eye disease: clinical features, imaging and surgery

Proptosis: Marked protosis (forward movement of the eye) in severe TED

Proptosis: TED with CT scan showing forward displacement of the eyes (long arrow) and enlarged muscles (short arrows)

CT showing swelling of all four recti muscles with compression of the optic nerves (highlighted). This may cause failure of vision (optic neuropathy)

Imaging Showing Enlarged Muscles: CT showing swelling of all four recti muscles with compression of the optic nerves (highlighted). This may cause failure of vision (optic neuropathy)

Imaging Showing Enlarged Muscles: CT showing swelling of the (inner) medial recti muscles

Upper Eyelid Retraction: Examples of marked thyroid eye disease with retraction of the upper eyelid

Proptosis in TED, before and after 2 wall orbital decompression surgery

Effect of Decompression (1)

CT scan showing bone removal (dotted lines) with "expansion" of soft tissue into resultant "window", resulting in decompression

Effect of Decompression Surgery: CT scan showing bone removal (dotted lines) with “expansion” of soft tissue into resultant “window”, resulting in decompression